Appraisal of gamete intrafallopian transfer

Abstract

Objective: To collect results of gamete intrafallopian transfer on a large scale in order to compare treatment indications, results and factors which influence the success rates; to evaluate whether gamete intrafallopian transfer is well-established and what the real place of this procedure is among other assisted reproduction techniques. Design: Data relating to gamete intrafallopian transfer were collected from World Reports, national registries of different countries and meta-analysis of medical publications during the years 1986–1991. Subject: Official registries reported 47 200 treatment cycles and18 759 treatment cycles were analysed from ten medical publications. Results: The procedure accounts for 13.5% of all assisted reproduction techniques but its popularity varies significantly among countries. The same indications for gamete intrafallopian transfer are followed by all countries, but great differences exist with regard to the proportional share of each etiology. Also, the share has changed considerably over the years. Treatment outcome: 10 667 clinical pregnancies were reported which represent 24% of treatment cycles and 29% of ovum pick-up. The live birth rate was 23.3%; abortion rate, 22%; and ectopic pregnancy rate, 5.5%. The stillbirth rate was 2.3% and the malformation rate was .2.8%, not confined to specific organs or systems. There were 19.5% twins, 4.6% triplets and 0.3% quadruplets or more. The number of transferred oocytes influenced pregnancy rates: 28% for transfer of four oocytes and only 10% following transfer of one oocyte. The cause of infertility might influence the results and the poorest results are obtained for male factor infertility. In most cases correlation of success rates reported by leading units through medical publications closely resembles the overall national registries results. Indications for this treatment were broadened over the years, but its role among other assisted reproduction technologies is not agreed upon, especially for male factor and unexplained infertility. Conclusions: Gamate intrafallopian transfer carries an overall higher pregnancy rate than in vitro fertilization. Quality control by professional or public associations should be established and more research employed over indications for treatment and results in order to establish when GIFT is the treatment of choice and when other modes of treatment should be preferred.