Abstract
The call for a spatial fit between institutional arrangements and the resource they manage is reflected in such water management paradigms as river basin management and in a number of international agreements (e.g., the European Union Water Framework Directive). Consequently, a number of countries are currently introducing river basin management, which, besides management along hydrological boundaries, has recently come to include such aspects of governance as stakeholder participation and policy integration. Beginning with a discussion of the goals and limitations of river basin management, this paper describes how the concept has been implemented in South Africa—a country that has been lauded for its state-of-the-art water legislation, but whose water administration is currently struggling to implement it. The example begins by showing the limitations of focusing on the dimension of spatial fit: a perfect spatial fit in basin management is almost impossible owing to the nature of the resource and to social and economic requirements. There are trade-offs between the identification of hydrological boundaries (which sometimes proves difficult) and “boundaries” of social organization, such as a feasible size for effective management, meaningful stakeholder participation, and financial viability. Furthermore, the improved spatial fit of the institutional arrangement and water resource boundaries causes problems of interplay by increasing the need for coordination and cooperation among water management organizations at different levels and on different scales. The example then considers the relevance of other dimensions of water management. It shows that, besides the focus on spatial fit, there is a need to recognize major defining features or boundaries to the problem other than hydrological boundaries, such as those imposed by water service infrastructure (functional fit) and impacts of climate change (dynamic fit), and a need to acknowledge the political and economic dimensions of water management.
Highlights
The use of hydrological boundaries as a tool for water management and planning has a long history in water resource management (Molle 2006 and 2009)
Beginning with a discussion of the goals and limitations of river basin management, this paper describes how the concept has been implemented in South Africa—a country that has been lauded for its state-of-the-art water legislation, but whose water administration is currently struggling to implement it
The results presented are based on research undertaken as part of the NeWater project (New Approaches to Adaptive Water Management under Uncertainty, 2005–2009), which was funded by the 6th EU Framework Programme and sought to shed light on, and facilitate changes to, adaptive strategies for integrated water resource management
Summary
The use of hydrological boundaries as a tool for water management and planning has a long history in water resource management (Molle 2006 and 2009). In line with the integrated water resource management approach, river basin management has increasingly been conflated with such aspects of governance as participation and integration (Cohen and Davidson 2011). This broader understanding of basin management is reflected in many national and international agreements and policy documents, such as Agenda 21 and the European Union’s Water Framework Directive (European Parliament 2000, Moss 2012, Moss 2007). CMAs are conceived as platforms for balancing the interests of farmers, larger privatesector entities, and local and provincial government and environmental interest groups To this end, CMAs consist of a managing board comprising representatives of all stakeholders in the catchment.
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