Abstract
Development of reliable and low-cost requirement for large-scale eco-friendly biogenic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is an important step for industrial applications of bionanotechnology. In the present study, the mycosynthesis of spherical nano-Ag (12.7 ± 0.8 nm) from extracellular filtrate of local endophytic T. harzianum SYA.F4 strain which have interested mixed bioactive metabolites (alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, nitrate reductase (320 nmol/hr/ml), carbohydrate (25 μg/μl) and total protein concentration (2.5 g/l) was reported. Industrial mycosynthesis of nano-Ag can be induced with different characters depending on the fungal cultivation and physical conditions. Taguchi design was applied to improve the physicochemical conditions for nano-Ag production, and the optimum conditions which increased its mass weight 3 times larger than a basal condition were as follows: AgNO3 (0.01 M), diluted reductant (10 v/v, pH 5) and incubated at 30 °C, 200 rpm for 24 hr. Kinetic conversion rates in submerged batch cultivation in 7 L stirred tank bioreactor on using semi-defined cultivation medium was as follows: the maximum biomass production (Xmax) and maximum nano-Ag mass weight (Pmax) calculated (60.5 g/l and 78.4 g/l respectively). The best nano-Ag concentration that formed large inhibition zones was 100 μg/ml which showed against A.alternate (43 mm) followed by Helminthosporium sp. (35 mm), Botrytis sp. (32 mm) and P. arenaria (28 mm).
Highlights
Impact of nanoparticles on crop plants is a rising area of nanobiotechology research that needs to be cautiously explored
Mycosynthesis of nano-Ag were examined by UV-visible-spectroscopy, to monitor and assess its production, as one of the most widely used techniques for structural characterization of nanoparticles
50 μg/ml 100 μg/ml 150 μg/ml 200 μg/ml production procedures). These endophytic fungi are the rich source of functional metabolites such as alkaloids, amines, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds; extracellular enzymes etc[75] which used for biosynthesize metal nanoparticles have promising application in the field of agriculture, etc.[76]
Summary
Impact of nanoparticles on crop plants is a rising area of nanobiotechology research that needs to be cautiously explored. Nanomaterials[1].This may be backed to the fact of their excellent and unique electromagnetic, optical, catalytic properties, and their antimicrobial effects against numerous microbes along with anti-proliferative effects compared with other metal nanoparticles[1,4] Using microbes, especially their cell-free extracts, for the synthesis of nano-Ag can be advantageous compared with other biological processes because microbial resources are abundant in nature, are easy to culture, and have the potential to be scaled up for large-scale synthesis[7,8,9]. Taguchi is a simple and effective statistical method, which organizes a systematic experimentation to determine the near to optimum settings of design parameters for performance, quality, and cost In this method, a large number of variables are studied with a small number of experiments using orthogonal arrays[17]. This method has been applied to nanoparticles for a limited number of syntheses, including silver[24], zinc oxide[25] and silica[26], but this technique has not been applied to mycosynthesis of nano-Ag reaction
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