Abstract
Stents are a widely-used device to treat a variety of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this review is to explore the application of regenerative medicine principles into current and future stent designs. This review will cover regeneration-relevant approaches emerging in the current research landscape of stent technology. Regenerative stent technologies include surface engineering of stents with cell secretomes, cell-capture coatings, mimics of endothelial products, surface topography, endothelial growth factors or cell-adhesive peptides, as well as design of bioresorable materials for temporary stent support. These technologies are comparatively analyzed in terms of their regenerative effects, therapeutic effects and challenges faced; their benefits and risks are weighed up for suggestions about future stent developments. This review highlights two unique regenerative features of stent technologies: selective regeneration, which is to selectively grow endothelial cells on a stent but inhibit the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells, and stent-assisted regeneration of ischemic tissue injury.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases, a group of disorders of the heart or blood vessels, are considered to be the leading cause of mortality worldwide
Though stenting is suggested for severe narrowing of coronary arteries according to current clinical guidelines, a recent report questioned the effectiveness of stenting, compared to medications, in many patients with severe but stable heart disease (Reuters, 2019; NIH, 2020)
Similar to the application of regenerative medicine concepts in other tissues or devices, regeneration-relevant approaches emerge in the stent technology in two forms: regenerative surface and biodegradable or bioresorable scaffolding materials
Summary
Prakash Parthiban Selvakumar, Michael Scott Rafuse, Richard Johnson and Wei Tan *. The purpose of this review is to explore the application of regenerative medicine principles into current and future stent designs. This review will cover regeneration-relevant approaches emerging in the current research landscape of stent technology. Regenerative stent technologies include surface engineering of stents with cell secretomes, cell-capture coatings, mimics of endothelial products, surface topography, endothelial growth factors or cell-adhesive peptides, as well as design of bioresorable materials for temporary stent support. These technologies are comparatively analyzed in terms of their regenerative effects, therapeutic effects and challenges faced; their benefits and risks are weighed up for suggestions about future stent developments.
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