Applying current technologies to large-scale, underground grain storage

Abstract

Large-scale grain bulks stored in underground, scaled structures are ecosystems that contain a collection of living organisms. The grain itself is actually composed of millions of living plants. To preserve the quality of the grain, the grain must remain alive but dormant. The other living organisms—such as insects, mites and fungi—in the grain bulk must be prevented from developing further. This paper reviews the rationale for using underground sealed structures to preserve grain quality. Results from underground grain and bean storage sites in the U.S., Argentina, North Africa, and East Central Africa are summarized. The application of current technologies to the use of underground space for large-scale grain storage is discussed. Recently developed computer programs, such as for 3-D heat and mass transfer in stored grain, can assist in designing the underground structure. Other computer programs, such as expert systems, also can be used in the integrated management of grain. Current technologies available for remote monitoring of loss-causing conditions in the grain bulk also are discussed. The paper emphasizes the biological aspects that are essential when selecting a site, considering alternative designs, and planning for management of underground storages to prevent grain loss.