Abstract
Dairy farms are growing in several areas of the world, with consequent need for a modernization of milking equipment. The objective of this research is to evaluate milking parlors in current and future situations in modern farms. Several Italian farms were studied: three farms with side-by-side milking parlors (50 cows, 82 cows, and 100 cows), two with herringbone milking parlors (70 cows and 90 cows) and two with rotary milking parlors (360 cows and 900 cows). The choosing and evaluation of milking parlor parameters is based on results of previous research, using the mathematical model developed in the Czech University. The time for milking and the final specific direct costs are the main parameters which enable evaluation and choosing of suitable milking parlor from the dairy; neglect or promotion of only one of the mentioned criteria may lead to uneconomic investment or impaired operation of a farm. The evaluation of existing milking parlors can help to enhance the milking process and operations from the point of view of either technical improvement or improved activity of milkers. The results of measurement and calculation in current farms are compared with possible future enlarged farms. The study demonstrated that increasing the capacity of dairy farms enables a reduction of the final specific direct costs for milking.
Highlights
Livestock production in countries with intensive agriculture is undergoing major and rapid changes [1,2,3,4]
Results based on the mathematical model focused on the conditions of dairy farms and milking production in the Czech Republic are presented by Kic [19,20]. This present paper aims to apply the same model, adapted to parameters valid for Italian farms
All milking parlors are equipped by automatic cluster remover
Summary
Livestock production in countries with intensive agriculture is undergoing major and rapid changes [1,2,3,4]. Capacity of farms is expanding and increasing the average annual milk production per cow. European housing systems are steadily changing from stanchion barns towards loose cowsheds and larger herd sizes [5,6,7]. These factors have led to a modernization of dedicated equipment. The function of the milking parlor is one of the factors which affects the efficiency of milk production. Several aspects influence the choosing and proper use of these systems and should be carefully considered in advance during the design of the dairy farm
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