Abstract
The main purpose for this study was to monitor ambient air particles and metallic elements (Mn, Fe, Zn, Cr, and Cu) in total suspended particulates (TSPs) concentration, dry deposition at three characteristic sampling sites of central Taiwan. Additionally, the calculated/measured dry deposition flux ratios of ambient air particles and metallic elements were calculated with Woods models at these three characteristic sampling sites during years of 2009-2010. As for ambient air particles, the results indicated that the Woods model generated the most accurate dry deposition prediction results when particle size was 18 μm in this study. The results also indicated that the Woods model exhibited better dry deposition prediction performance when the particle size was greater than 10 μm for the ambient air metallic elements in this study. Finally, as for Quan-xing sampling site, the main sources were many industrial factories under process around these regions and were severely polluted areas. In addition, the highest average dry deposition for Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu species occurred at Bei-shi sampling site, and the main sources were the nearby science park, fossil fuel combustion, and Taichung thermal power plant (TTPP). Additionally, as for He-mei sampling site, the main sources were subjected to traffic mobile emissions.
Highlights
Dry deposition is the process by which an atmospheric air pollutant is transferred to the surface of the earth as a result of the turbulent motion of air [1, 2]
As for metallic element Mn, the results indicated that the average concentrations order in total suspended particulates (TSPs) for location variations was Quan-xing > He-mei > Beishi and the average dry deposition order was Bei-shi > Quan-xing > He-mei (Table 2)
For metallic element Fe, the results indicated that the average concentration order in TSP for location variations was Quan-xing > Bei-shi > Hemei and the average dry deposition order was Bei-shi > Quan-xing > Hemei
Summary
Dry deposition is the process by which an atmospheric air pollutant is transferred to the surface of the earth as a result of the turbulent motion of air [1, 2]. The concentrations and size distributions of trace metals are governed by the nature of emissions into the atmosphere as well as by the rates of wet and dry deposition, cloud processing, chemical transformations, and the exchange of air between the boundary layer and free troposphere [3]. It occurs as trace gases and particles are adsorbed or react on objects (plants, soil, water, buildings, etc.) at the earth’s surface. Traffic emissions represent various potential sources of metals, including combustion products from fuel and oil, road construction materials, road dust, and wear products from tires, brake linings, and bearings [6]
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