Abstract
‘One Health’ summarises the idea that human health and animal health are interdependent and bound to the health of ecosystems. The purpose of proteomics methodologies and studies is to determine proteins present in samples of interest and to quantify changes in protein expression during pathological conditions. The objectives of this paper are to review the application of proteomics technologies within the One Health concept and to appraise their role in the elucidation of diseases and situations relevant to One Health. The paper develops in three sections. Proteomics Applications in Zoonotic Infections part discusses proteomics applications in zoonotic infections and explores the use of proteomics for studying pathogenetic pathways, transmission dynamics, diagnostic biomarkers and novel vaccines in prion, viral, bacterial, protozoan and metazoan zoonotic infections. Proteomics Applications in Antibiotic Resistance part discusses proteomics applications in mechanisms of resistance development and discovery of novel treatments for antibiotic resistance. Proteomics Applications in Food Safety part discusses the detection of allergens, exposure of adulteration, identification of pathogens and toxins, study of product traits and characterisation of proteins in food safety. Sensitive analysis of proteins, including low-abundant ones in complex biological samples, will be achieved in the future, thus enabling implementation of targeted proteomics in clinical settings, shedding light on biomarker research and promoting the One Health concept.
Highlights
Comprehensive analysis revealed that 25 proteins of B. abortus were distinctly immunoreactive; dihydrodipicolinate synthase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate/malate dehydrogenase and fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase proteins were reactive with the serum samples from all host species of the organism [116]
Abril et al [243], using LC-ESI mass spectrometry (MS)/MS in milk samples from cows with mastitis caused by streptococci, identified 134 peptides specific to Streptococcus spp.—to be representing proteins that corresponded to virulence factors, toxins and anti-toxins of these bacteria—that provided resistance to antimicrobial agents associated with the production of antibiotic-related compounds, or to play a role in the resistance to toxic substances
Proteomics isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based techniques have been established for comparative proteomics analysis to compare the protein profiles between a parental Lactobacillus casei and its amoxicillin-resistant descendent clones in order to study the adaptation of L. casei to amoxicillin stress; 38 proteins were found to increase, whilst 34 were found significantly decreased
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. One. Health is the notion that the health of people, animals and ecosystems are strongly interconnected. The definition summarises the idea that human health and animal health are interdependent and bound to the health of the ecosystems in which they exist. Controlling zoonotic pathogens at their animal source is the most effective way of protecting humans from the respective infections; strategies to control zoonotic pathogens must be developed to prevent animal and human diseases. Prevention of antibiotic resistance development at the animal level reduces the chances of dissemination of resistant strains to humans from animal sources. The connection between animal health, food of animal origin and human health is more than evident for public opinion and consumers [2]. Proteomes 2021, 9, 31 between animal health, food of animal origin and human health is more than evident.
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