Applied Photometry, Radiometry, and Measurements of Optical Losses

Abstract

Acknowledgements. Abstract. Preface. PART I APPLIED PHOTOMETRY AND RADIOMETRY. I.1. Background. Chapter 1 Radiometric and photometric quantities and notions. 1.1. Physical sense of radiometric conception. 1.2. Parameters of optical radiation. 1.3. Radiation interactions with material objects. Chapter 2 Methods of photometric and radiometric measurements. 2.1. Evaluation of power and energy extents of optical radiation. 2.2. Analysis of attenuation factors. 2.3. Measurements of color coordinates and indices. 2.4. Photometry of integrating spheres. Chapter 3 Radiometry of partially coherent radiation. 3.1. Coherence and radiative transfer. 3.2. Laser and pulsed light. 3.3. Interference phenomena and optical measurements. 3.4. Diffraction corrections and gratings in radiometry and photometry. Chapter 4 Photometers and radiometers. 4.1. Optical design and absolute calibration of radiometers. 4.2. Attenuation and color photometers and spectrophotometers. 4.3. Photometric accuracy and verification of linearity. PART II MEASUREMENTS OF OPTICAL LOSSES. II.1. Features of low-loss assessments. Chapter 5 Conventional measurement techniques. 5.1. Internal transmittance and attenuation coefficient. 5.2. Specular reflectance. 5.3. Scattering factor. Chapter 6 Systems of multiple reflections. 6.1. Flat-mirror and prism reflector cells. 6.2. Multipass cavities. 6.3. Mirror waveguides. 6.4. Multiplication of Raman scattering. 6.5. Interference-fringe reduction in multipass and derivative spectroscopy. Chapter 7 Laser spectroscopy. 7.1. Active intracavity measurements. 7.2. Comparison of intracavity methods. 7.3. Intracavity and ringdown spectroscopy. Chapter 8 Measurements in passive resonators. 8.1. Pulse-separation techniques. 8.2. Interferometric analysis. 8.3. Resonant phase-shift and decay-time studies. 8.4. Quality-factor transfer method and asymmetric-cavity measurements. 8.5. Evaluation of loss-dichroism and phase-dispersion. Chapter 9 Determination of absorption losses. 9.1. Laser calorimetry. 9.2. Thermal-lensing, photothermal, and photoacoustic techniques. 9.3. Emissive spectroscopy. 9.4. Integrating spheres as multiple-reflection cavities. Chapter 10 Direct attenuation measurements. 10.1. Differential, ratio, and single-channel systems. 10.2. Derivative spectroscopy. 10.3. Wavelength tuning and balanced detection. 10.4. Separation of bulk and surface losses. 10.5. Reflection spectrophotometry. Chapter 11 Propagation losses in fibers and waveguides. 11.1. Measurements of internal optical attenuation for guided light. 11.2. Analysis of return losses via backscattered radiation. 11.3. Partition of distributed losses and attenuation factors in reflected light. 11.4. Interference noise and crosstalk in fiber transmission systems. References.