Abstract
Nanofluids are solid-liquid mixtures that have a dispersion of nanometer-sized particles in conventional base fluids. The flow and heat transmission in an unstable mixed convection boundary layer are affected by the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity uncertainty of a nanofluid over a stretching vertical surface. There is time-dependent stretching velocity and surface temperature instability in both the flow and temperature fields. It is possible to scale the governing partial differential equations and then solve them using ordinary differential equations. Cu and Al2O3 nanofluids based on water are among the possibilities being investigated. An extensive discussion has been done on relevant parameters such as the unsteadiness parameter and the mixed convection parameter's effect on solid volume fraction of nanoparticles. In addition, alternative nanofluid models based on distinct thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity formulas are examined for their flow and heat transmission properties. On the basis of the comparison, it is concluded that the results are spot on for steady state flow.
Highlights
When it comes to classic heat transfer fluids such as water, motor oil, ethylene glycol, and others, “nanofluid” has historically been defined as the distribution of nanometersized solid particles in these fluids
Hybrid nanofluid is added to make it even more effective. e current work is concerned with an issue of this nature and examines the features of heat transport over a Mathematical Problems in Engineering stretching sheet. ere have been numerous experimental studies done on hybrid nanofluid that have led to new technological concepts
Using an Al2O3 Cu/water hybrid nanofluid as an electronic heat sink was investigated by Selvakumar and Suresh [5]
Summary
When it comes to classic heat transfer fluids such as water, motor oil, ethylene glycol, and others, “nanofluid” has historically been defined as the distribution of nanometersized solid particles in these fluids. A hybrid Al2O3–Cu/water nanofluid affects heat transport. Suresh et al [4] examined the turbulent heat transfer and pressure drop properties of water-based hybrid nanofluids (Al2O3–Cu/water). Using a (Al2O3–Cu/water) hybrid nanofluid, Takabi and Shokouhmand [7] looked at how heat transmission and flow properties changed in a turbulent environment. Hydromagnetic flows past a stretched sheet include the notion of nanofluid presented for the increase of heat transmission. Using a permeable stretched sheet and a convective boundary condition, Mansur and Ishak [19] showed that a nanofluid may flow and transmit heat in three dimensions. In order to build on previous discoveries, the current study tackles the problem of unsteady flow and heat transmission in a stretching Al2O3–Cu/water hybrid nanofluid sheet. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no one has ever examined hybrid nanofluid flow across a stretching sheet before
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