Applications of Synthetic Seed Technology for Propagation, Storage, and Conservation of Orchid Germplasms

Abstract

A synthetic seed is defined as an artificially encapsulated somatic embryo (protocorm-like bodies in case of orchids) or meristematic tissue (shoot tips, nodal segments, corm, and bulb) that portrays the role of a seed and has the proficiency of germinating into complete plantlets. Synthetic seed technology is an optimistic approach to preserve and clonally propagate different species of orchids that can be endangered or possess high esthetic value or in respect to economical and medicinal prominence which is covered extensively in this chapter. It aids as the most conventional and genuine means for generating plant propagules under in vivo conditions. Under ex vitro conditions, there is positive enhancement of the large-scale production of orchid species by bypassing the process of acclimatization. Synthetic seed technology positively implements the germplasm exchange through short-term storage. Cryopreservation is a constructive method for long-term germplasm conservation of plant propagules at ultralow temperature. Molecular marker technology is now an upcoming advanced practice to sample the germplasm systematically. Minimal progress has been made in the field of synthetic seed technology; there are still many challenges to make the technique more practical and feasible especially for the farmers and producers. The inadequacies are required to be surveyed extensively and solved so that this technology can be utilized in a long-term basis keeping in mind the principles of sustainable development and conservation.