Abstract
AbstractPolymer-based nanoparticles have good solubility, stability, safety, and sustained release,which increases the absorption of loaded drugs, protects the drugs from degradation, and prolongs their circulation time and targeted delivery. Generally, we believe that prevention and control of infectious diseases through inoculation is the most efficient measure. However, these vaccines including live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines, synthetic peptide vaccines and DNA vaccines have several defects, such as immune tolerance, poor immunogenicity, low expression level and induction of respiration pathological changes. All kinds of biodegradable natural and synthetic polymers play major roles in the vaccine delivery system to control the release of antigens for an extended period of time. In addition, these polymers also serve as adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccine. This review mainly introduces natural and synthetic polymer-based nanoparticles and their formulation and properties. Moreover, polymer-based nanoparticles as adjuvants and delivery carriers in the applications of vaccine are also discussed. This review provides the basis for further operation of nano vaccines by utilizing the polymer-based nanoparticles as vaccine adjuvants and delivery systems. Polymer-based nanoparticles have exhibited great potential in improving the immunogenicity of antigens and the development of nano vaccines in future.
Highlights
Polymer-based nanoparticles have good solubility, stability, safety, and sustained release, which increases the absorption of loaded drugs, protects the drugs from degradation, and prolongs their circulation time and targeted delivery
This review provides the basis for further operation of nano vaccines by utilizing the polymer-based nanoparticles as vaccine adjuvants and delivery systems
To prevent bronchitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), chitosan-DNA nanospheres administered intranasally induced the expression of corresponding protein, and improved the levels of anti-RSVspecific IgG, sIgA, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and IFN-γ [62]
Summary
Abstract: Polymer-based nanoparticles have good solubility, stability, safety, and sustained release, which increases the absorption of loaded drugs, protects the drugs from degradation, and prolongs their circulation time and targeted delivery. All kinds of biodegradable natural and synthetic polymers play major roles in the vaccine delivery system to control the release of antigens for an extended period of time. These polymers serve as adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccine. Innovations in the design and development of novel biomaterials for biomedical applications have shown that polymers have high physiochemical properties, biocompatibilities, and biodegradability Their application as vaccine adjuvants and delivery carriers may be a useful alternative to conventional bacterial adjuvants and virus vectors [5]. This review mainly introduces natural and synthetic polymer-based nanoparticles, the formulation and properties of these nanoparticles, and the applications of polymer-based nanoparticles in the vaccine field
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