Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a common and complicated traumatic disease in clinical neurosurgery. With the rapid advancement and development of medical technologies, novel tissue engineering provides alternative therapies such as nerve conduit transplantation. It has achieved significant outcomes. The scaffold surface modification is vital to the reconstruction of a pro-healing interface. Polydopamine has high chemical activity, adhesion, hydrophilicity, hygroscopicity, stability, biocompatibility, and other properties. It is often used in the surface modification of biomaterials, especially in the peripheral nerve regeneration. The present review discusses that polydopamine can promote the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of neural stem cells and the growth of neuronal processes. Polydopamine is widely used in the surface modification of nerve conduits and has a potential application prospect of repairing peripheral nerve injury. Polydopamine-modified scaffolds are promising in the peripheral nerve tissue engineering.
Highlights
Peripheral nerve injury can lead to partial or total nerve rupture and result in paralysis, neuropathic pain, and even sensory loss
More pre-clinical researches are in urgent need to translate PDA-dependent peripheral nerve repair into the clinical work
Nerve conduits prepared by composite materials often include polymer materials for surface modification or strength support to promote cell adhesion and nerve repair (Ekdahl et al, 2011)
Summary
Peripheral nerve injury can lead to partial or total nerve rupture and result in paralysis, neuropathic pain, and even sensory loss. Studies have shown that physical and chemical properties of the scaffold interface affect the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of cells on the biomaterial surface (Wozniak et al, 2004; Bettinger et al, 2009). Noble metal ions can be reduced by PDA because the electrons that are released during the oxidation of catechol stimulate the reduction of positive ions (Ball et al, 2011) When it comes to proteins representative of biomolecules, nucleophilic ones react with carbon on the benzene ring (Michael addition), and the primary amino groups in proteins react with PDA in the quinone form (Schiff base reactions) (Lee et al, 2009). Another study confirmed enhanced neuronal differentiation of nerve growth factor stimulated PC12 cells on the PDA-coated scaffolds (Bhang et al, 2013). More pre-clinical researches are in urgent need to translate PDA-dependent peripheral nerve repair into the clinical work
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