Abstract
Plasma-liquid systems have attracted increasing attention in recent years, owing to their high potential in material processing and nanoscience, environmental remediation, sterilization, biomedicine, and food applications. Due to the multidisciplinary character of this scientific field and due to its broad range of established and promising applications, an updated overview is required, addressing the various applications of plasma-liquid systems till now. In the present review, after a brief historical introduction on this important research field, the authors aimed to bring together a wide range of applications of plasma-liquid systems, including nanomaterial processing, water analytical chemistry, water purification, plasma sterilization, plasma medicine, food preservation and agricultural processing, power transformers for high voltage switching, and polymer solution treatment. Although the general understanding of plasma-liquid interactions and their applications has grown significantly in recent decades, it is aimed here to give an updated overview on the possible applications of plasma-liquid systems. This review can be used as a guide for researchers from different fields to gain insight in the history and state-of-the-art of plasma-liquid interactions and to obtain an overview on the acquired knowledge in this field up to now.
Highlights
From a historical point of view, it can be said that the first report on the possibility of the interaction of plasma with liquids dates back to 1789 when van Troostwijk and Deinman [1] reported the decomposition of water by an electric discharge
This review paper intended to provide an overview of studies focusing on nonthermal plasma interactions with various liquids ranging from water over transformer oils to biological solutions and liquid food
Most of the applications of the rapidly emerging field of PLIs are based on the generation and interaction pathways of key reactive species in both plasma and liquid phases
Summary
From a historical point of view, it can be said that the first report on the possibility of the interaction of plasma with liquids dates back to 1789 when van Troostwijk and Deinman [1] reported the decomposition of water by an electric discharge. CCoommpplleetteellyy iioonniizzeedd ppllaassmmaass ccaann bbee ffoouunndd iinn mmuucchh ooff tthhee vviissiibbllee mmaatttteerr iinn tthhee uunniivveerrssee ssuucchh aass ssttaarrss aanndd vviissiibbllee iinntteerrsstteellllaarr mmaatttteerr. TThheeyy aarree eennccoouunntteerreedd iinn mmaannyy ffoorrmmss,, ffrroomm tthhee llooww pprreessssuurree ppllaassmmaa iinn tthhee iinntteerrsstteellllaarr mmeeddiiuumm ttoo tthhee hhiigghh pprreessssuurree aanndd hhiigghhllyy eenneerrggeettiicc ffuussiioonn pprroocceesssseess iinn tthhee ccoorree ooff tthhee ssuunn. BBeessiiddeess tthhee aassttrroopphhyyssiiccaall ppllaassmmaass,, oonnee ccaann aallssoo fifinndd ccoommpplleetteellyy iioonniizzeedd ppllaassmmaass iinn llaabboorraattoorriieess iinnvvoollvveedd iinn nnuucclleeaarr ffuussiioonn rreesseeaarrcchh aanndd ffoorr tthheerrmmoonnuucclleeaarr ssyysstteemmss iinncclluuddiinngg ttookkaammaakkss,, sstteellllaarraattoorrss,, ppllaassmmaa ppiinncchheess,, aanndd ssoo oonn [[5599]]. Energy can be channeled into desired excitations and reactions by variation of gas composition, electrode shape, dimensions, circuit characteristics, and other operational parameters For these reasons, non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas in and in contact with liquids are the main focus of the present review
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