Abstract
Much progress has been made since plasma was discovered in the early 1900s. The first form of plasma was thermal type, which was limited for medical use due to potential thermal damage on living cells. In the late 1900s, with the development of a nonthermal atmospheric plasma called cold plasma, profound clinical research began and ‘plasma medicine’ became a new area in the academic field. Plasma began to be used mainly for environmental problems, such as water purification and wastewater treatment, and subsequent research on plasma and liquid interaction led to the birth of ‘plasma-activated liquid’ (PAL). PAL is currently used in the fields of environment, food, agriculture, nanoparticle synthesis, analytical chemistry, and sterilization. In the medical field, PAL usage can be expanded for accessing places where direct application of plasma is difficult. In this review, recent studies with PAL will be introduced to inform researchers of the application plan and possibility of PAL in the medical field.
Highlights
Since Langmuir introduced plasma in 1928 [1], plasma technology has continued to develop and is being applied in various areas
In the 1990s, the improvement of plasma technology had enabled the generation of nonthermal plasma, which has led to active research in the medical field
When a full-thickness wound with a diameter of 2 cm was made on mice and treated with plasma-activated liquid’ (PAL) on days 0, 4, 7, and 10, the wound disappeared on day 17
Summary
Since Langmuir introduced plasma in 1928 [1], plasma technology has continued to develop and is being applied in various areas. Cold plasma has the following typical characteristics: (1) operation at atmospheric pressure; (2) mean electron temperatures sufficient or electron impact dissociation, excitation, and ionization(>1 eV); (3) mean gas temperatures of
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