Applications of Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis of Enamel Defects.

Mihai Popescu,Diana Vlăduțu,Andreea Stănuși,Marilena Bătăiosu,Adina Dorina Glodeanu,Veronica Mercuț,Mihaela Ionescu,Eugen Osiac,Monica Scrieciu,Roxana Maria Pascu

doi:10.3390/diagnostics12030636

Mihai Popescu, Diana Vlăduțu + Show 8 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12030636

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Abstract

Developmental defects of enamel (DDEs) are deviations from the normal appearance in terms of the quantity and quality of tooth enamel. They may be genetic or acquired. The most important DDEs are hypomineralization and hypoplasia. The aim of this study was to produce “in vivo” DDE in Wistar rats by administering amoxicillin to pregnant females and to highlight these lesions after sacrifice of the pups by macroscopic and microscopic examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Amoxicillin (100 mg/kg) was administered to two pregnant Wistar female rats for the production of DDEs. When the pups were 2 months old, they were sacrificed, and their jaws were harvested together with their teeth. The jaws were examined macroscopically, microscopically, and by OCT. Following the macroscopic and microscopic examination, it was established that four pups had a total of 42 DDE lesions. At the OCT examination, the hypomineralization was characterized by an intense, inhomogeneous OCT signal, and the hypoplasia was characterized by the absence of the signal. Administration of amoxicillin to pregnant females of Wistar rats resulted in DDEs in their offspring. The OCT examination confirmed the presence of these lesions in the teeth of rat pups.

Highlights

Developmental defects of dental enamel (DDEs) are deviations from the normal appearance in terms of the quantity and quality of tooth enamel, due to a disturbance during embryogenesis
The analysis of all 64 teeth showed a total of 42 teeth (65.62%) with enamel defects located at the surfaces of the frontal and lateral teeth, of which nine were classified as hypoplasia and 33 were classified as hypomineralization (Table 1)
These enamel defects can be described macroscopically as small translucent spots on the tooth enamel for hypomineralization and discontinuities of the tooth enamel for hypoplasia

Summary

Introduction

Developmental defects of dental enamel (DDEs) are deviations from the normal appearance in terms of the quantity and quality of tooth enamel, due to a disturbance during embryogenesis. The dental enamel defects are classified into two major categories: genetic DDEs, which occur in very rare general syndromes (1.4/1000 to 1/15,000 cases, depending on the number of population studied) [1], or acquired DDEs, which are much more frequent, with manifestations strictly at the level of the teeth [2]. Acquired enamel defects are classified into hypoplasia [3,4], hypomineralization [5], fluorosis [6], and intrinsic dyschromia [7]. The importance of these diseases is given by the high prevalence, increasing, with values of 11.22% [8], 11.27% [9], 29.9% [10], and 33.7% in children aged 5 years [11], the associated complications and therapeutic difficulties encountered in both temporary and permanent dentition [12]. OpticTahlecsoehleerseionnces taorme coogmramphoynl(yOiCdeTn)tiisfiaend ibmyacgliinnigcaml eatnhdodratdhiaotloogffiecarsl enxeawmpinearstipoenc.tiOvepstiincathl ecodhieargennocseistoomf doegnrataplhdyis(eOaCseTs.) OisCaTn ciamnabgeinugsemdet“hinodvitthroa”t oofrfe“risn nveivwo”p,earsspiteucatitvioens itnhatthaeldloiwagsnroesails-toimf deeenxtaaml dinisaetaiosneso. fOtiCssTuceasnbybeseucsteiodn“, iwn ivthitorou”t tohre“nineevdivfoo”r,baiospitsuyatoior na thhiasttoalollgoiwcaslroeralr-atdimioeloegxiacmalienxaatmioinnoatfiotinss[u2e3s].by section, without the need for biopsy or a histological or radiological examination [23]

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