Abstract
Adding distributed generation (DG) is a desirable strategy for providing highly efficient and environmentally benign services for electric power, heating, and cooling. The interface between a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), typical loads, and the electrical grid is simulated in Matlab/Simulink and analyzed to assess the interactions between DG and the electrical grid. A commercial building load profile is measured during both steady-state and transient conditions. The load data are combined with the following models that are designed to account for physical features: a One-Cycle Control grid-connected inverter, a One-Cycle Control active power filter, an SOFC, and capacitor storage. High penetration of DG without any power filter increases the percentage of undesirable harmonics provided by the grid, but combined use of an inverter and active power filter allows the DG system interconnection to improve the grid tie-line flow by lowering total harmonic distortion and increasing the power factor to unity.
Highlights
The U.S Department of Energy (DOE) projects that total US electricity demand will increase to 5220 billion kWh in 2025 from 3481 billion kWh in 2003 [1]
The utilization increases to its maximum value of 90%, which allows for a slight increase in output power, but the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cannot match the power demand until 7 s when the higher fuel rate can be delivered to the anode compartment
The fuel flow delay is the main factor that determines the rate of response of the SOFC to a load change
Summary
This paper evaluates a sample DG-grid interconnection on the basis of experimentally measured steady-state and dynamic commercial building load data. The performance of both the DG and the grid is evaluated by investigating the effects of real building load demand on the grid tie-line current at the point of common coupling (PCC). Because directly investigating the relationship between the SOFC and the grid obfuscates the role of the inverter, Section 4 describes the inverter-grid relationship directly under steady-state conditions both with and without an active power filter. After steady-state operation is explored, the dynamic SOFC model and dynamic load data are added to the model in Section 5 to investigate grid impacts under different conditions
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