Abstract
AbstractChemical imaging is a technique for the simultaneous measurement of spectra (chemical information) and images or pictures (spatial information)^1,2^. The technique is most often applied to either solid or gel samples, and has applications in chemistry, biology^3-8^, medicine^9,10^, pharmacy^11^ (see also for example: Chemical Imaging Without Dyeing), food science, Food Physical Chemistry, Biotechnology^12,13^, Agriculture and industry. NIR, IR and Raman chemical imaging is also referred to as hyperspectral, spectroscopic, spectral or multi-spectral imaging (also see micro-spectroscopy). However, other ultra-sensitive and selective, chemical imaging techniques are also in use that involve either UV-visible or fluorescence microspectroscopy.
Highlights
Chemical imaging techniques can be used to analyze samples of all sizes, from the single molecule[14][15] to the cellular level in biology and medicine[16][17][18], and to images of planetary systems in astronomy, but different instrumentation is employed for making observations on such widely different systems
Such a data hypercube can be visually and mathematically treated as a series--or stack-- of spectrally resolved images or a stack of spatially resolved spectra
One may select an image plane at a particular wavelength to highlight the spatial distribution of selected sample components, provided that their spectral signatures are different at that selected wavelength
Summary
Chemical imaging techniques can be used to analyze samples of all sizes, from the single molecule[14][15] to the cellular level in biology and medicine[16][17][18], and to images of planetary systems in astronomy, but different instrumentation is employed for making observations on such widely different systems. Chemical imaging instrumentation is composed of three components: a radiation source to illuminate the sample, a spectrally selective element, and usually a detector array (the camera) to collect the images. Chemical imaging shares the fundamentals of vibrational spectroscopic techniques, but provides additional information by way of the simultaneous acquisition of spatially resolved spectra It combines the advantages of digital imaging with the attributes of spectroscopic measurements. FPA imaging data are collected with a two-dimensional FPA detector, capturing the full desired field-of-view at one time for each individual wavelength, without having to move the sample. Some words common in spectroscopy, optical microscopy and photography have been adapted or their scope modified for their use in chemical imaging They include: resolution, field of view and magnification. Higher magnifications for the same detector image a smaller area of the sample
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