Abstract
Food samples such as milk, beverages, meat and chicken products, fish, etc. are complex and demanding matrices. Various novel materials such as molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs), carbon-based nanomaterials carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been recently introduced in sample preparation to improve clean up as well as to achieve better recoveries, all complying with green analytical chemistry demands. Metal-organic frameworks are hybrid organic inorganic materials, which have been used for gas storage, separation, catalysis and drug delivery. The last few years MOFs have been used for sample preparation of pharmaceutical, environmental samples and food matrices. Due to their high surface area MOFs can be used as adsorbents for the development of sample preparation techniques of food matrices prior to their analysis with chromatographic and spectrometric techniques with great performance characteristics.
Highlights
Sample preparation is the most challenging step of the analytical procedure for the analysis of most samples
A composite HKUST-1 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) was used for the preconcentration of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (FLD), for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and fruit tea infusions [35]
For the enrichment of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, a portion of 50 mg of the MOF material was added to 25 mL of the extracted solution, the same procedure was followed, desorption was performed with 0.25 mL of acetone prior to gas chromatography (GC)-MS analysis
Summary
Sample preparation is the most challenging step of the analytical procedure for the analysis of most samples. The mechanism of absorption may be due to the π–π stacking interaction between the MOF material and the analytes because of the presence of sp hybridized carbons [15] Another interesting category of materials are metal organic frameworks derived nanoporous carbons, which are useful materials for sample preparation. These materials have properties similar to MOFs and they can form π-interactions between them and benzene rings of the target analytes. We aim to point out the applications of MOFs, which are reported in the literature which include the use of metal-organic compounds and their derived carbons, as absorbents in combination with dispersive sample preparation techniques, magnetic sample preparation techniques, in-tube sample preparation techniques and on-line sample preparation techniques for the analysis of complex food samples, such as milk, tea and beverages, fruits and vegetables, meat, chicken, fish etc
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