Abstract
Biodiversity has been explored in the search for novel enzymes, including forests, savannas, tundras, deserts, and finally the sea. Marine microorganisms and their enzymes are capable of being active in high-salt concentration, large range of temperature, and high incidence of light and pressure, constituting an important source of unique biocatalysts. This review presents studies employing whole-cell processes of marine bacteria and fungi, aiming for new catalysts for different reactions in organic synthesis, such as reduction, oxidation, hydroxylation, hydrolysis, elimination, and conjugation. Genomics and protein engineering studies were also approached, and reactions employing isolated enzymes from different classes (oxidoreductases, hydrolases, lyases, and ligases) were described and summarized. Future biotechnological studies and process development should focus on molecular biology for the obtention of enzymes with interesting, fascinating and enhanced properties, starting from the exploration of microorganisms from the marine environment. This review approaches the literature about the use of marine-derived bacteria, fungi, and their enzymes for biocatalytic reactions of organic compounds, promoting a discussion about the possibilities of these microorganisms in the synthesis of different substances.
Highlights
Microbial diversity has been explored by different researchers in the search for new biocatalysts, including the discovery of strains and enzymes with unique properties
This review aims to use marine-derived bacteria, fungi, and their enzymes for biocatalytic reactions of organic compounds, promoting a discussion about the possibilities of these microorganisms in the synthesis of different substances
In a study aiming for organic synthesis, styrene monooxygenases identified in the genome of Paraglaciecola agarilytica NO2 and Marinobacterium litorale DSM 23545 were expressed in E. coli
Summary
Microbial diversity has been explored by different researchers in the search for new biocatalysts, including the discovery of strains and enzymes with unique properties. In this quest for innovation, different environments have been approached, including forests (Pajares and Bohannan, 2016), savannas (Noriler et al, 2018), the Arctic (Malard and Pearce, 2018) and the Antarctic poles (Duarte et al, 2018), deserts (Cui et al, 2018), and the sea (Miao et al, 2019). Microbial strains isolated from several substrates, such as sediments, seawater, and mangrove detritus, have been reported as producers of enzymes with different activities, i.e., amylase, cellulase, alginate lyase, chitinase, glucosidase, inulinase, keratinase, ligninase, xylanase, and others (Bonugli-Santos et al, 2015)
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