Abstract
Magnesium is a promising material. It has a remarkable mix of mechanical and biomedical properties that has made it suitable for a vast range of applications. Moreover, with alloying, many of these inherent properties can be further improved. Today, it is primarily used in the automotive, aerospace, and medical industries. However, magnesium has its own set of drawbacks that the industry and research communities are actively addressing. Magnesium’s rapid corrosion is its most significant drawback, and it dramatically impeded magnesium’s growth and expansion into other applications. This article reviews both the engineering and biomedical aspects and applications for magnesium and its alloys. It will also elaborate on the challenges that the material faces and how they can be overcome and discuss its outlook.
Highlights
As an alkaline earth metal, magnesium is shiny and silvery-white in appearance
The Society of Automotive Engineers revised its standards, AS8049C, in 2015 to allow magnesium alloys for aircraft seat construction if it complies with the Federal Aviation Administration requirements [24,51]
Another area with significant progress addresses magnesium’s meager mechanical strength for engineering applications. Progress in this area is driven by the potential benefits of using magnesium in weight-sensitive applications, such as aircraft [51]. It led to the introduction of high-performance magnesium alloys like the Elektron 21, which has already received an Aerospace Material Specification (AMS 4429), and Elektron 675, which is reported to exhibit twice the strength of aluminum while only bearing half the weight of titanium [53]
Summary
As an alkaline earth metal, magnesium is shiny and silvery-white in appearance It is highly reactive and never found free in nature [1,2] with terrestrial and cosmic abundance [3]. Magnesium is used for engineering applications in automotive, aerospace, and consumer electronics. It has a role in organic chemistry and pharmaceuticals [10] and is used to construct several general-purpose applications, such as sporting goods, household products, and office equipment [8]. The Pidgeon and Magnetherm processes are the main thermal routes. The thermal routes, especially the Pidgeon process, are the most widely used due to their ability to produce high purity magnesium and the plethora of its raw material, dolomite [17]
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