Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan that was first isolated and identified from the vitreous body of a bull’s eye. HA is ubiquitous in the soft connective tissues of animals and therefore has high tissue compatibility for use in medication. Because of HA’s biological safety and water retention properties, it has many ophthalmology-related applications, such as in intravitreal injection, dry eye treatment, and contact lenses. Due to its broad range of applications, the identification and quantification of HA is a critical topic. This review article discusses current methods for analyzing HA. Contact lenses have become a widely used medical device, with HA commonly used as an additive to their production material, surface coating, and multipurpose solution. HA molecules on contact lenses retain moisture and increase the wearer’s comfort. HA absorbed by contact lenses can also gradually release to the anterior segment of the eyes to treat dry eye. This review discusses applications of HA in ophthalmology.
Highlights
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural high-molecular-weight biopolymer
We demonstrated that contact lenses soaked in a higher-concentration HA solution released more
HA reveals outstanding properties of hydrophilic, safety, compatibility, and special viscoelasticity. It has been widely used in the field of ophthalmology
Summary
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural high-molecular-weight biopolymer. It belongs to the group of long linear nonsulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) with repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and acetylglucosamine [1,2,3] (Figure 1). These results, HAeffects is synthesized in humans by HA synthases, including hyaluronan synthase have demonstrated the2,safety hyaluronan synthase and of hyaluronan synthase 3, mostly present in the extracellular exhibits good versatility application It retains can matrix of vertebrate tissue [4,5,19].in is present inBecause the umbilical cordwater (4100 well, μg/g),itsynobe employed to increase tear film stability to treat dry eye disease [34]; it can be added vial fluid (1400–3600 μg/g), dermis (200 μg/g), vitreous body (140–338 μg/g), and brain to contact lens during production [35] and contact lens care solutions [36] to increase (35–115 μg/g) [20,21,22,23].
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