Applications of graphene-based materials in water treatment: mass transport and pollutants adsorption properties

Abstract

Graphene-based nanomaterials have been used as separation membranes and adsorbents due to its unique two-dimensional single atomic layer structure, large specific surface area and excellent properties. In this paper, we first review gas, water and ions mass transport phenomenon through nanoporous graphene membranes and layered structures of graphene oxides. The development of nanoporous graphene has been limited by the current preparation technique and immature hole-drilling technology; while the laminated graphene oxide membranes have a great application potential in the field of water purification due to its simple, low-cost preparation methods, high permeability and selectivity. Then, we review the adsorption behaviors of heavy metal ions, dyes and organic pollutants in aqueous solution with graphene-based nanomaterials. The interaction mechanism between functional groups on graphene-based materials and pollutants has been analyzed. Finally, we prospect the opportunities and challenges of graphene-based nanomaterials in environmental applications, such as membrane separation, water desalination and pollutants removal.