Abstract
Due to their unique properties, such as good biocompatibility, excellent conductivity, effective catalysis, high density, and high surface-to-volume ratio, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used in the field of bioassay. Mainly, AuNPs used in optical biosensors have been described in some reviews. In this review, we highlight recent advances in AuNP-based non-optical bioassays, including piezoelectric biosensor, electrochemical biosensor, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) bio-detection. Some representative examples are presented to illustrate the effect of AuNPs in non-optical bioassay and the mechanisms of AuNPs in improving detection performances are described. Finally, the review summarizes the future prospects of AuNPs in non-optical biosensors.
Highlights
Nanoparticles are defined as particles with sizes between 1 and 100 nm
AuNPs have excellent properties such as good biocompatibility, excellent conductivity, effective catalysis, high density, and high surface-to-volume ratio, which are widely used in the field of bioassay [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
The AuNPs are usually used as fluorescence quenchers, catalysts, immobilization platforms, colorimetric nanoparticles, as well as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancers in optical biosensors
Summary
Nanoparticles are defined as particles with sizes between 1 and 100 nm. Due to their physical and chemical properties such as high specific surface area, electrical performance, magnetism, optical and catalytic property, nanoparticles have received great attention in many research fields [1,2]. AuNPs are widely used to improve the detection sensitivity of fluorescence, chemiluminescence, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method, and other optical detection [10,11,12,13]. The AuNPs are usually used as fluorescence quenchers, catalysts, immobilization platforms, colorimetric nanoparticles, as well as SPR and SERS enhancers in optical biosensors. It shows that the sensitivities of optical biosensors are effectively improved based on the signal amplification of AuNPs. the optical detections usually require expensive instruments such as fluorescent spectrometers, SPR/SERS instruments, which increases the cost of bioassay. We focus on the applications of AuNPs in non-optical bioassay strategies of piezoelectric biosensors, electrochemical biosensors and ICP-MS detections. We summarize the future prospects of AuNPs in non-optical biosensors
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