Abstract
The occurrence of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in the environment is a global concern due to their potential ecological risks. Several studies have shown that some OMPs are widely detected in environmental matrices such as surface water and sewage. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have received international attention over past decades because they are considered the greatest source of aquatic environmental contamination by anthropogenic micropollutants. Intensive sampling and analysis have been globally made to improve understanding of the occurrence, behavior and fate of OMPs in WWTPs using different types of analytical approach. Recently, special awareness has been devoted to developing new effective strategies to extract the micropollutants of wastewater. In particular, microextraction protocols have gained popularity because of their simplicity, low cost and in-field application for environmental analysis. Among these, fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) is reported as an excellent approach due to its properties, not only reducing the required time but also employing minor solvent volume. In this overview, we summarize the results obtained by the Research Group of Environmental Chemical Analysis of the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Spain) using this technique. Its aim is to show the potential of FPSE for the extraction of some micropollutants, such as personal care products (benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BUVSs)) and pharmaceuticals (steroid hormones and cytostatic compounds) in different liquid samples, prior to their determination by liquid chromatography.
Highlights
Aquatic ecosystems are affected by the introduction of organic micropollutants (OMPs) of different sources such as domestic, industrial and agriculture effluents
It has been considered that wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are the greatest entry of aquatic environmental pollution [1,2] and many of these compounds are polar and persistent and, are not eliminated by conventional treatments
This paper provides an overview of the fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) applications carried out by the Research Group of Environmental Chemistry Analysis of the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, for the extraction of some OMPs in liquid samples prior to their determination by liquid chromatography
Summary
Aquatic ecosystems are affected by the introduction of organic micropollutants (OMPs) of different sources such as domestic, industrial and agriculture effluents. BUVSs are a group of substances extensively employed in PCPs as well as in a large diversity of industrial activities [14], and it has been reported that they could enter to the environment directly (through bathing in rivers or seas) or indirectly (through the effluents of WWTPs) [15] Their continuous introduction in the marine ecosystem means that these compounds could be accumulated in fish [16,17]. Steroid hormones are a wide group of biologically active compounds that control many functions of endocrine systems These compounds excreted by humans reach the aquatic environment daily via sewage systems, and several authors have stated municipal wastewaters as their main entry to Separations 2018, 2018, 5, 5, x35FOR PEER REVIEW.
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