Applications of electrochemistry in corrosion science and in practice

Abstract

In an introduction, a statement is made on the influence of electrochemistry during the last 30 or 40 y on corrosion research and technology, with reference to opinions expressed by U. R. Evans, R. Piontelli and C. Edeleanu. A section on Fundamentals and Electrochemical Testing Methods describes the action of CITCE in developing electrochemical thermodynamics and kinetics, and their applications. It mentions the pioneer work of C. Wagner and W. Traud and the statement of F. L. LaQue on the links connecting electrochemical research and corrosion research. The author recalls the statement of M. G. Fontana on the relative practical usefulness of corrosion education and corrosion research. The practical usefulness of three series of electrochemical methods is emphasized: the polarization resistance methods, the anodic and cathodic polarization methods, and the zero-current electrode potential measurements. A third section reviews some of the most important applications of electrochemistry in anticorrosion practice. The following topics are examined: Cathodic protection Historical Hydrogen embrittlement of pipe-lines; bi-adhesive wrapping material Cathodic protection by perfect passivation: general. Protection of carbon steels in solutions containing chloride. Protection of cast iron drying cylinders in the paper industry. Protection of stainless steels in chloride containing environments. Protection of copper in the presence of waters. Protection of aluminium in sea-water Sacrificial anodes Corrodible anodes for impressed currents Non-corrodible anodes for impressed currents Anodic protection Inhibitors: general. Water treatment. Engine coolants for automobiles. Passivation of galvanized iron. Vapour-phase inhibitors Protection of metals Iron and carbon steels: electrolysis of water. Boilers. Reinforcing bars and steel pipes embedded in concrete Weathering steels Titanium Developments of alloys: general. Titanium-palladium alloys. Copper-nickel alloys. Alloys for surgical implants Chemical surface treatments: prepassivation of brasses for heat-exchangers. Thermochemical protection of stainless steels and of refractory alloys Protective coatings: general. Wash-primers and other phosphate coatings on steel. Zinc-rich paints. Benzotriazole coatings. Rust-transformers. Electroplating. Anodized aluminium Design and miscellaneous High-temperature corrosion: fused salts. Solid electrolytes. In his conclusions, the author pays tribute to those to whom we are indebted for what is now corrosion science, and to those who have put this science into practice. He expresses opinions on the future of corrosion research. However, he agrees with M. G. Fontana in believing that what is presently most needed in the struggle against corrosion is not so much research as teaching, education and common sense.