Applications of Differential-Difference Algebra in Discrete Calculus

Abstract

Discrete calculus deals with developing the concepts and techniques of differential and integralcalculus in a discrete setting, often using difference equations and discrete function spaces. This paperexplores how differential-difference algebra can provide an algebraic framework for advancing discretecalculus. Differential-difference algebra studies algebraic structures equipped with both differential anddifference operators. These hybrid algebraic systems unify continuous and discrete analogues ofderivatives and shifts. This allows the development of general theorems and properties that cover bothsettings. In particular, we construct differential-difference polynomial rings and fields over discretefunction spaces. We define discrete derivatives and shifts algebraically using these operators. We thenstudy integration, summation formulas, fundamental theorems, and discrete analogues of multivariatecalculus concepts from an algebraic perspective. A key benefit is being able to state unified theorems indifferential-difference algebra that simultaneously yield results for both the continuous and discretecases. This provides new tools and insights for discrete calculus using modern algebraic techniques.We also discuss applications of representing discrete calculus problems in differential-differencealgebras. This allows bringing to bear algebraic methods and software tools for their solution. Specificexamples are provided in areas such as numerical analysis of discrete dynamical systems definedthrough difference equations. The paper aims to demonstrate the capabilities of differential-differencealgebra as a unifying framework for further developing the foundations and applications of discretecalculus. Broader connections to algebraic modeling of discrete physical systems are also discussed.