Abstract
A series of carbazole-based polymers (PdCz, P(dCz2-co-dTC1), P(dCz2-co-dTC2), P(dCz1-co-dTC2), and PdTC) were deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive electrodes using electrochemical polymerization. The as-prepared P(dCz2-co-dTC2) displayed a high ΔT (57.0%) and multichromic behaviors ranging from yellowish green, greenish gray, gray to purplish gray in different redox states. Five organic electrochromic devices (ECDs) were built using dCz- and dTC-containing homopolymers and copolymers as anodic materials, and poly(3,4-(2,2-dimethylpropylenedioxy)thiophene) (PProdot-Me2) as the cathodic material. The P(dCz2-co-dTC2)/PProdot-Me2 ECD presented remarkable electrochromic behaviors from the bleached to colored states. Moreover, P(dCz2-co-dTC2)/PProdot-Me2 ECD displayed a high optical contrast (ΔT, 45.8%), short switching time (ca. 0.3 s), high coloration efficiency (528.8 cm2 C−1) at 580 nm, and high redox cycling stability.
Highlights
Over the past numerous years, several inorganic and organic electrochromic materials have been extensively studied for use in the rear-view mirrors of vehicles, displays, helmet visors, and windows of buildings [1]
The redox peaks and electrochromic behaviors of polytriphenylamine and polycarbazole depend on the types and number of substituents, which contain electron-donating and electron-withdrawing units
Ak et al reported on the electrochromic behaviors of a carbazole based star shaped polymer (PTPC)
Summary
Over the past numerous years, several inorganic and organic electrochromic materials have been extensively studied for use in the rear-view mirrors of vehicles, displays, helmet visors, and windows of buildings [1]. The promising inorganic electrochromic materials are transition metal oxides (e.g., WO3 , Ta2 O5 , TiO2 , Nb2 O5 , and MoO3 ), whereas the potential organic electrochromic materials are π-conjugated polymers, viologen derivatives, metallophthalocyanines, and metallopolymers [2]. EDOT-Me and investigated the electrochromic properties of their corresponding PProDOT and PEDOT-Me polymer films, which displayed lower onset oxidation potentials than those of polythiophene films. Since PProDOT film displays no significant absorption band in UV-Vis zone in oxidized state and the color is dark blue in reduced state, PProDOT is a potential cathodic material of electrochromic devices (ECDs). Five ECDs consisted of PdCz, P(dCz2-co-dTC1), P(dCz2-co-dTC2), P(dCz1-co-dTC2), or PdTC as the anodic material, and PProdot-Me2 as the cathodic material were fabricated and their spectroelectrochemical characteristics, transmittance-time profiles, and long-term electrochemical stability were studied in detail
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