Abstract
Adductomics novel and emerging discipline in the toxicological research emphasizes on adducts formed by reactive chemical agents with biological molecules in living organisms. Development in analytical methods propelled the application and utility of adductomics in interdisciplinary sciences. This review endeavors to add a new dimension where comprehensive insights into diverse applications of adductomics in addressing some of society’s pressing challenges are provided. Also focuses on diverse applications of adductomics include: forecasting risk of chronic diseases triggered by reactive agents and predicting carcinogenesis induced by tobacco smoking; assessing chemical agents’ toxicity and supplementing genotoxicity studies; designing personalized medication and precision treatment in cancer chemotherapy; appraising environmental quality or extent of pollution using biological systems; crafting tools and techniques for diagnosis of diseases and detecting food contaminants; furnishing exposure profile of the individual to electrophiles; and assisting regulatory agencies in risk assessment of reactive chemical agents. Characterizing adducts that are present in extremely low concentrations is an exigent task and more over absence of dedicated database to identify adducts is further exacerbating the problem of adduct diagnosis. In addition, there is scope of improvement in sample preparation methods and data processing software and algorithms for accurate assessment of adducts.
Highlights
Adductomics has become most prominent technique in recent times, and it is one of the rapidly emerging disciplines with the potential to dramatically transform the landscape of toxicological research
Interactions between Cys-34 and reactive oxygen species (ROS), forming adducts was investigated by using LC-MS, and prolonged exposure to these ROS is perceived to be associated with chronic diseases; and oxidation products
Another study established the relationship between formation of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-DNA adducts at ambient air pollution in exposed mothers and newborns in Poland, which is evident in the dose-response curve that manifested a proportionate increase in the number of DNA adducts with the extent of air pollution [33]
Summary
Adductomics has become most prominent technique in recent times, and it is one of the rapidly emerging disciplines with the potential to dramatically transform the landscape of toxicological research. Adductomics majorly focuses on investigation of adducts formed from covalent modification which are in irreversible in nature with bio-macromolecules by exogenous or endogenous reactive electrophile compounds. The synthetic adducts further will be compared with the novel or unidentified adducts with m/z of the precursor ions, studying fragmentation patterns and retention times. This approach contributes to generating an extensive database of the. The synt4hoeft2ic adducts further will be compared with the novel or unidentified adducts with m/z of the precursor ions, studying fragmentation patterns and retention times. Tahlseon sfuturdthyeirnwg iflrlabgecmoemnptaatrieodnwpaitthtetrhnes naonvderleoternutnioidnetnimtifiees.dOanddthuectosthweirthhamn/dz, boyf tuhseinpgreUcNurIsMorOioDnds,aatalsboasteutdhyaitnligstfsrathgme pernottaetinonmpoadttiefircnastiaonnds risetaelnsotiounsetdimtoesi.dOennttifhyetohteheardhdauncdts,[b22y]u. sing UNIMOD database that lists the protein modifications is used to identify the adducts [22]
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