Abstract
A review of this numerical technique and its physical basis is presented. A comparison of the technique and the parabolic approximation is made with particular attention paid to broad beam errors in the two approaches. The propagation is simulated in stepwise fashion with the range step sizes being limited by the Rayleigh length. The Rayleigh length is defined for a variety of different sound velocity profiles. The sensitivity of the technique to step size and sampling rates is examined by varying these parameters. The theory is extended to include smooth boundaries, sloping boundaries, and Snell's law bending in range (as well as depth). SOFAR channel, surface, duct, split beam shadow zone and sloping bottom are among the examples presented. [Work partially supported by the Office of Naval Research.]
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