Abstract
Two main aspects of the transportation industry are pollution to the environment and depletion of fossil fuels. In the transportation industry, the pollution to the environment can be reduced with the use of cleaner fuel, such as gas-to-liquid fuel, to reduce the exhaust emissions from engines. However, the depletion of fossil fuels is still significant. Biodiesel is a non-toxic, renewable, and biodegradable fuel that is considered an alternative resource to conventional diesel fuel. Even though biodiesel shows advantages as a renewable source, there are still minor drawbacks while operating in diesel engines. Modern vehicle engines are designed to be powered by conventional diesel fuel or gasoline fuel. In this review, the performance, emissions, combustion, and endurance characteristics of different types of diesel engines with various conditions are assessed with biodiesel and blended fuel as well as the effect of biodiesel on the diesel engines. The results show that biodiesel and blended fuel had fewer emissions of CO, HC, and PM but higher NOx emissions than the diesel-fuelled engine. In the endurance test, biodiesel and blended fuel showed less wear and carbon deposits. A high concentration of wear debris was found inside the lubricating oil while the engine operated with biodiesel and blends. The performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of biodiesel and its blends showed that it can be used in a diesel engine. However, further research on long-term endurance tests is required to obtain a better understanding of endurance characteristics about engine wear of the diesel engine using biodiesel and its blends.
Highlights
Heavy-duty diesel engines fuelled with biodiesel were tested and showed a significant improvement in the exhaust emissions, such as reductions in carbon monoxide (CO), HC, and particulate matter (PM), and biodiesel increased the efficiency of the engine performances as compared to diesel fuels [16]
The results revealed that water particles aid in the increase in the heat release rate of neat biodiesel, which is related to the larger surface area to volume ratio of water particles
CPO60 usage resulted in a 53% rise in in-cylinder deposits as compared to diesel, CPO80 usage resulted in a 12% decrease in deposit development when compared to diesel
Summary
The presently available fossil fuels reserves will not be able to sustain any longer as the demand will increase over time [9] These circumstances cause researchers and industries to search for environment-friendly and sustainable energy sources to sustain the demands. Heavy-duty diesel engines fuelled with biodiesel were tested and showed a significant improvement in the exhaust emissions, such as reductions in CO, HC, and PM, and biodiesel increased the efficiency of the engine performances as compared to diesel fuels [16]. The combination of biodiesel ethanol blended fuel and injection strategy shows high potential in improving engine exhaust emissions. This review is focused on the use of biodiesel and various blend in endurance tests with different diesel engines on the performance and emissions. The impact on carbon deposition and lubricating oil with various biodiesel blends were investigated to shows the feasibility of biodiesel and various blend
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