Abstract

肺癌是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤,其中非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)约占肺癌总数的85%。接受手术的NSCLC患者的5年总生存期(overall survival, OS)从Ⅰa1期的92%到Ⅲb期的26%,持续下降的生存期使其临床上有强烈的精准辅助治疗需求,以根除分子残留病灶(molecular residual disease, MRD)。目前循环肿瘤DNA(circulating tumor DNA, ctDNA)作为提示MRD的分子指标逐渐从实验室走向临床。最新共识提出在围手术期NSCLC患者外周血中可稳定检测出丰度≥0.02%的ctDNA,是基于ctDNA作为MRD指标的可能。MRD检测技术支持了NSCLC根治术后进行监测的可能性,而且ctDNA能比NSCLC治疗后的影像监测更早地预示着疾病的复发,为精准辅助治疗方案的制定提供了宝贵依据。在早期NSCLC术后辅助治疗研究中,不同指南对是否应该进行适合的辅助治疗存在分歧,而MRD可以作为一个更精准的预测指标,对术后辅助治疗进行指导,使患者能在疾病治疗中获益。

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