Abstract
Due to higher penetration of renewable energy sources, grid reinforcements, and the utilization of local voltage control strategies, a significant change in the reactive power behavior as well as an increased demand for additional reactive power flexibility in the German power system can be predicted. In this paper, an application-oriented reactive power management concept is proposed, which allows distribution system operators (DSO) to enable a certain amount of reactive power flexibility at the grid interfaces while supporting voltage imitations in the grid. To evaluate its feasibility, the proposed concept is applied for real medium voltage grids in the south of Germany and is investigated comprehensively in different case studies. The results prove the feasibility and reliability of the proposed concept, which allows the DSO to control the reactive power exchange at grid interfaces without causing undesired local voltage problems. In addition, it can be simply adjusted and widely applied in real distribution grids without requiring high investment costs for complex information and communication infrastructures. As a significant contribution, this study provides an ideal bridging solution for DSOs who are facing reactive power issues but have no detailed and advanced monitoring system for their grid. Moreover, the comprehensive investigations in this study are performed in close cooperation with a German DSO, based on a detailed grid model and real measurement data.
Highlights
In 2019, renewable energy sources covered about 43% of the net electricity consumption in Germany according to Wirth in [3], with about 49 GW total installed capacity from 1.7 Million PV systems according to the German Solar Industry
German distribution system operators (DSO) are looking for appropriate reactive power management approaches, with the goal of providing additional ancillary services such as voltage control, reactive power compensation, and supporting reactive power balancing at grid interfaces
This study introduces an application-oriented reactive power management concept
Summary
Due to higher penetration of renewable energy sources, the required grid reinforcements, and the utilization of different local voltage control strategies, a significant change in the reactive power (Q) behavior as well as an increased demand for additional reactive power flexibility in the German power system can be predicted [6,7]. According to current German grid codes [8,9,10], decentralized energy resources (DER) such as wind and large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants connected to the German power system should have the capability to provide controllable reactive power at their feed-in times. German DSOs are looking for appropriate reactive power management approaches, with the goal of providing additional ancillary services such as voltage control, reactive power compensation, and supporting reactive power balancing at grid interfaces. Various Q control management and control strategies are introduced
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