Abstract
Zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterials, including graphene quantum dots (GQDs), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), fullerenes, inorganic quantum dots (QDs), magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), noble metal nanoparticles, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and polymer dots (Pdots), have attracted extensive research interest in the field of biosensing in recent years. Benefiting from the ultra-small size, quantum confinement effect, excellent physical and chemical properties and good biocompatibility, 0D nanomaterials have shown great potential in ion detection, biomolecular recognition, disease diagnosis and pathogen detection. Here we first introduce the structures and properties of different 0D nanomaterials. On this basis, recent progress and application examples of 0D nanomaterials in the field of biosensing are discussed. In the last part, we summarize the research status of 0D nanomaterials in the field of biosensing and anticipate the development prospects and future challenges in this field.
Highlights
Nanotechnology has been a fast-growing field in the past few decades
The structures and properties of these 0D nanomaterials are introduced. Their application in ion, biomolecule and pathogen detection and disease diagnosis are discussed in detail for a comprehensive understanding of biosensors based on 0D nanomaterials
After 8 cycles, these pH-switch PL properties of S-carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were not significantly affected. These results showed that doped CQDs have a promising prospect in the detection of heavy metal pollutants in strong acid environments (Yang G. et al, 2016)
Summary
Nanotechnology has been a fast-growing field in the past few decades. By changing the chemical composition, atomic arrangement, or dimension of nanomaterials, many nanomaterials with alterations in physical and physicochemical properties are produced (Carneiro et al, 2019; Raja et al, 2019; Vikrant et al, 2019). Their application in ion, biomolecule and pathogen detection and disease diagnosis are discussed in detail for a comprehensive understanding of biosensors based on 0D nanomaterials. GQDs-based sensors are widely used in the detection of various ions and biomarkers as well as the diagnosis of major diseases.
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