Abstract
All societies are influenced by the detergent industry. Despite the necessity of using detergents to protect public health, the improper disposal of their toxic sewage could present problems. Among different components in their formulations, surfactants and builders are considered as the main water pollutants. Until the early 17th century, the phrase builder was equivalent to sodium triphosphate. However, phosphates increase the population of organisms and as a result, dissolved oxygen depletion in the water reservoirs would occur due to their activities and eutrophication phenomenon. Among compounds considered as phosphate replacements, zeolites bring important benefits and are commonly used in detergent formulations. This review first focuses on introducing the detergents and their components. Various theories about their functions are represented. Environmental concerns on detergents would be stated with emphasis on the different builders used in the detergent industry. The zeolite structures are introduced and their ion-exchange properties are explained afterwards. The application of different zeolites as builders in detergent formulations is mentioned in detail. Moreover, safety of zeolite builders for the environment and consumers is expressed and future perspectives of detergent industry are presented.
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