Abstract
ABSTRACTThe online meteorological and chemical transport Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model is implemented over Bogota and validated against ground-based observations for meteorological variables and PM10 concentrations. The simulated average temperature shows a very small positive bias. The relative humidity and wind speed are also overpredicted for the selected simulations. The 24-h average PM10 concentration is underpredicted compared to the overall ground observations. Overall, the present case study shows that the WRF-Chem model has an acceptable performance for meteorological variables as well as PM10 concentration over Bogota. This study provides a general overview of WRF-Chem simulations and can serve as a reference for future air quality modelling exercises for PM10 over Bogota.
Highlights
Air pollution has become one of the most important concerns of the local authorities of Latin American cities as poor air quality can have adverse effects on human health including asthma, impaired lung function, cardiorespiratory illnesses and increased mortality rates (Mindell and Joffe, 2004), as well as on the ecosystem (Serengil et al, 2010) and on climate (Menon et al, 2008)
This study provides a general overview of WRF-Chem simulations and can serve as a reference for future air quality modelling exercises for PM10 over Bogota
Evaluation of Chemical Prediction The statistical evaluations for PM10 against the observations are shown in Table 2, which shows the performance of WRF-Chem model for RADM2 and Carbon Bond Mechanism version Z (CBMZ) gas phase chemistry for 24-h average PM10 concentration over PM10 episodes
Summary
Air pollution has become one of the most important concerns of the local authorities of Latin American cities as poor air quality can have adverse effects on human health including asthma, impaired lung function, cardiorespiratory illnesses and increased mortality rates (Mindell and Joffe, 2004), as well as on the ecosystem (Serengil et al, 2010) and on climate (Menon et al, 2008). The main pollutants emitted into the atmosphere in urban areas are sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), metal oxides, and particulate matter (PM/aerosols), mostly consisting of black carbon, sulfates, nitrates, and organic matter. The increasing urbanization in these countries will potentially cause wide-ranging consequences in terms of environmental problems These areas have been suffering from severe air pollution problems for the past decade, and as industrial activity and the number of automobiles increases, the emission of PM, SO2, VOCs and NOx will significantly increase. Simulation of PM over urban areas is necessary to develop effective PM control strategies
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