Abstract
Cyber Physical Systems (CPSs) are pervasive in businesses and critical infrastructures that are becoming targets of cyber attack by our adversaries. The presence of advanced persistent threats or zero-day attacks suggests that cyber defense must include recovery response from cyber intrusions. Recovery response must rely on adaptive ability of the CPS as the impact of zero-day attacks cannot be anticipated. In unanticipated situations, human adaptive ability can contribute greatly to the recovery from cyber intrusions. This paper presents Work Domain Analysis (WDA) as a human factors engineering tool for evaluating system and identifying solutions supporting operators in their response to cyber threats. The cyber attack on Australian Maroochy Water Services is used as illustrative case study to demonstrate the potential of WDA in enhancing cyber security of CPS.
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