Abstract
Southern chernozem soils of the Taman Peninsula were studied to assess their suitability for viniculture and examine the possibility to dispose winery waste by diluting it with water and subsequently applying it to the soil. The subjects of this study were southern chernozem soils and the composition of the wine and brandy distillery stillage. Southern chernozem soils feature high levels of density (1.29–1.64 g/cm3), alkalinity (pH 8.0–8.5), and saturation of the soil adsorption complex with calcium (69.6–73.2%), magnesium (17.0–18.9%), and sodium (7.3–11.5%). The effects of various concentrations of wine and brandy distillery stillage on the chemical properties of the soil, qualitative and quantitative composition of its fungal flora, and soil fatigue degree were assessed. In the laboratory environment, the composting of soil with the undiluted winery and distillery waste significantly alters the soil reaction (by 0.1 pH units in comparison with the control) and the organic matter content (the difference from the control is 0.21%). Three fungi genera constitute a opportunistically pathogenic group in the soil samples: Fusarium spр., Cephallosporium spр., and Alternaria spр. Fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium predominate in the soil samples; their share reaches 54.5% of the total amount of isolated micromycetes.
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