Application of vacuum solid-phase microextraction for the analysis of semi-hard cheese volatiles

M Sýkora,H H Jeleń,E Vítová

doi:10.1007/s00217-020-03426-x

M Sýkora, H H Jeleń + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-020-03426-x

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Abstract

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a well-established technique in the analysis of food volatile compounds, usually performed for qualitative analysis. This paper presents an elaboration of conditions for SPME analysis of main volatile compounds in hard cheese and an evaluation of suitability of vacuum to improve the transfer of volatile compounds towards SPME fiber. Compounds representing the main groups of hard cheese volatiles were investigated: 1-pentanol, butanoic acid, 2,3-butanedione and 2-heptanone. Parameters for SPME extraction (temperature, water, sodium carbonate addition, time, vacuum) were evaluated. Application of vacuum had a positive effect on all analytes when extraction was performed from water, but in the cheese matrix the effect was significant only for butanoic acid. Extraction time was the most significant factor for extraction efficiency in examined cheeses, while temperature had a minor effect on the amount of extracted volatiles. The method was applied on Edam, Emmentaler, Gouda and Maasdam cheeses obtained from the market.

Highlights

Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-Solid-phase microextraction (SPME)) is a selective, sensitive and solvent-free sampling technique, which is widely used for the extraction of volatile and semivolatile compounds based on their absorption/adsorption on SPME fiber
The aim of this work was to test the applicability of vacuum HS-SPME/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to analyze the main volatile compounds of natural hard cheeses and evaluate if it is beneficial for compounds of different characters that are released from hard cheese
This paper investigated the applicability of vacuum during HS-SPME extraction of cheese volatile compounds

Summary

Introduction

Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) is a selective, sensitive and solvent-free sampling technique, which is widely used for the extraction of volatile and semivolatile compounds based on their absorption/adsorption on SPME fiber. The availability of various SPME coatings, depending on the polarity of analytes, provides high selectivity and sensitivity, which arise from the high affinity of the coating to specific analytes that are accumulated in the headspace until equilibrium is reached. Compounds diffuse into whole volume of coating, contrary to adsorption which is a surface phenomenon and depends on the character and pore size of used sorbent. The second group of SPME fibers is based usually on carboxene, divinylbenzene, or their combination.

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