Abstract
An overview of possible mechanisms by which sonication can influence electrochemical processes is given. Four mechanisms are discussed: – acoustic streaming; – microstreaming and turbulence due to cavitation; – formation of microjets in the course of collapse of cavitation bubble; – shock waves; and possible effects are illustrated on several examples. The most effective process is formation of microjets, which can not only decrease diffusion layer thickness under 1 μm, but also activate (depassivate) electrode surface. Design of experimental arrangement with maximum participation of microjets is proposed. Two approaches are proposed: – focusing of ultrasound on the working electrode and reduction of energy losses by over-pressure; – “tuning” the reactor to obtain resonance, i.e. formation of stationary waves by activating reactor in its resonant mode.
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