Abstract
Swimming pool water was treated using an ultrafiltration process using ceramic and polymer membranes for comparison. It was determined that the efficiency of the process depended on the type of membrane used. The polymer membrane decreased the absorbance and concentration of combined chlorine in the pool water to a greater extent than the ceramic membrane. In the case of a ceramic membrane, the concentration of combined chlorine in the permeate exceeded the limit values. During the ultrafiltration process, the permeate flux decreased, causing the blockage of membrane pores. The extent of this phenomenon was similar for both tested membranes. In the case of the ceramic membrane, flushing it with water could significantly restore its initial performance. For both tested membranes, a high regeneration efficiency was observed during chemical treatment with an alkaline solution. SEM photos of the polymer membrane showed low resistance of this polymer to the chlorine present in the swimming pool water.
Highlights
Swimming pool users introduce fragments of the epidermis, sweat, urine, and microorganisms into the water, including pathogenic microorganisms which thrive in such an environment.swimming pool water is a mixture of water added to a closed circulation system and water from a swimming pool that is constantly being treated and disinfected.The main factors affecting the quality of water in the pool, ensuring health and safety and the comfort of bathers, are primarily modern technologies for water treatment, with a high efficiency of disinfection and filtering and the selection of appropriate chemicals
Effective in the area of pool water treatment technology, other methods include hydrogen peroxide biocides, mixtures of chlorine and chlorine dioxide, titanium dioxide, silver nanoparticles, and heterogeneous catalysts. Introducing these solutions to swimming pool water treatment systems allows reducing the amount of chlorine that is added at the final stage of the disinfection process
Among the present in the swimming pool water damaged the polymer membrane structure, which may decrease its total operation time. This phenomenon may reduce the effectiveness of the membrane in the elimination of pollutants from the swimming pool water
Summary
The main factors affecting the quality of water in the pool, ensuring health and safety and the comfort of bathers, are primarily modern technologies for water treatment, with a high efficiency of disinfection and filtering and the selection of appropriate chemicals These factors guarantee that the pool water meets strict requirements in terms of physicochemical and bacteriological parameters [1,2,3]. Effective in the area of pool water treatment technology, other methods include hydrogen peroxide biocides, mixtures of chlorine and chlorine dioxide, titanium dioxide, silver nanoparticles, and heterogeneous catalysts Introducing these solutions to swimming pool water treatment systems allows reducing the amount of chlorine that is added at the final stage of the disinfection process
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