Abstract
In the present work, agricultural waste, Iraqi rice husk (A’anbar type) was developed with thermal and chemical treatments for using as an adsorbent to remove phosphate anion from aqueous solution and the thermal treatment at 500 Co was the best.
 Batch experiments were conducted to obtain the maximum removal of phosphate via changing the parameters of process, such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, initial solute concentration, and the existence of competitive anions upon the removal of phosphate and were investigated. The adsorbent characterization was performed employing Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscope (SEM), the BET surface area and pore volume, and X-ray diffraction spectrophotometric analysis (XRD).
 The maximum removal of phosphate was achieved respectively as (96 %), of contact time 140 min., pH 2.0, adsorbent dose 20 g/L, and initial concentration 30 mg/L at room temperature. The effects of competing ions of CO3-2, NO-3 and SO4-2 anions were studied. The experimental data manifested the best fit for the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.99) and pseudo-second order kinetic model (R2 = 0.99). Rice husk ash was found efficient for the phosphate removal from the wastewater.
Highlights
Phosphorus is principally utilized in the agriculture sector as a fertilizer and in the households as a detergent, causing the phosphate release into the environment [1]
The high-temperature effect was noticed upon the spectrum of (FTIR) of the processed sample of rice husk if the spectrum at (2,925 cm1) vanished in all samples which exhibits the (CO2) development at elevated temperatures and likely disintegration of the remaining methylene group [24]
The result elucidated that the thermally processed rice husk at 500 Co improved the capacity of the phosphate adsorption and manifested the ultimate removal and capacity respectively 98.37% and 1.44 mg/g of phosphate at contact time= 140 min., pH = 2, utilizing (20 g/L) dose, and initial concentration 5 mg/L
Summary
Phosphorus is principally utilized in the agriculture sector as a fertilizer and in the households as a detergent, causing the phosphate release into the environment [1]. The excess of phosphate in water can participate in the water reservoirs eutrophication [2] enhancing plentiful growth of vegetation and zooplankton intense activity utilizing bigger quantities of oxygen (O2) which may affect on the aerobic organisms that live in the water. Care has been concentrated upon the use of the unmodified and modified rice husk-like an adsorbent for removal of different contaminants, [18] such as nitrate, sulfate, carbonate anion, etc. An effective and economical method for removal of phosphate anion by using rice husk as adsorbent which was burnt in the oven at 500 oC. Studies of the batch mode adsorption were achieved for studying the effects of different experimental parameters, namely contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, as well as initial concentration
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