Abstract
The paper presents idea and an application of the gamma-absorption method to a two-phase flow investigation in a vertical pipeline, where the flow of solid particles transported by water was examined by a set of two 241 Am radioactive sources and probes with NaI(Tl) scintillation crystals. In the described experiments as solid phase the ceramic models representing natural polymetallic ocean nodules were used. For advanced analysis of electrical signals obtained from detectors the phase of cross-spectral density function has been applied. Results of the average solid-phase velocity measurements were compared with one obtained by application of the classical cross-correlation. It was found that the combined uncertainties of the velocity of solid particles evaluation in the presented experiment did not exceed 0.6% in phase method and 3.2% in cross- correlation method.
Highlights
Two-phase liquid-solid particles flow often occur in the mining industry
Nodules are porous organic and mineral compositions which contain a various metals [1 - 4]. They occur on the bottom of seas and oceans, but the richest deposits can be found at the Pacific Ocean bed below of about 5.000 m depth in the so called Clarion-Clipperton zone [ibid]
The paper presents an application of the phase method to radioisotope measurement of the mean velocity of solid particles transported by water in a vertical pipeline
Summary
Two-phase liquid-solid particles flow often occur in the mining industry. An example would be vertical pipeline hydrotransport of minerals, e.f. polymetallic nodules. Determination of the velocity of nodules of various sizes in the vibrating pipeline at a significant depth is a very difficult task and requires the use noninvasive measurement techniques One of these techniques, which are employed for many years in measurements of two-phase flows in pipelines and open channels, is a method using radioactive isotopes. Measured time delay of signals is applied to determine the averaged velocity of the minority phase of the two-phase flow and other parameters The processing of these signals requires the use of it conditioning and statistical methods in the time or frequency domain. The paper presents an application of the phase method to radioisotope measurement of the mean velocity of solid particles transported by water in a vertical pipeline.
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