Abstract
This is an extension study of the grand canonical approach of the equation of state to the equilibrium calculation for radiative opacities. We discuss the construction of atomic configurations from the ion stages and excitation states of atoms. The atomic configuration is essentially important to the grand canonical approach, and also useful to the radiative opacity calculation. We present the complete formalism for the calculation of atomic configuration probabilities and population fractions. We show that the grand canonical approach provides a shortcut in the computation of thermodynamic equilibrium. We mainly discuss its use in two cases for the equilibrium calculation.
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