Application of temperature-assisted tandem dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction and high preconcentration of triazole pesticides

Abstract

ABSTRACT An efficient and reliable sample pretreatment approach termed as temperature-assisted tandem dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction has been developed for the extraction of five triazole pesticides from aqueous samples prior to their quantification by gas chromatography–flame ionisation detection. The suggested approach comprises two successive dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction approach. For performing procedure, the first temperature of high volume of aqueous solution is thermostated at an elevated temperature and after that, the mixture of disperser and extraction solvents is quickly injected into it. After cooling the solution with tap water, phase isolation is hastened by centrifuging. The whole of sedimented phase is taken and after mixing with another disperser solvent is employed in the following microextraction approach. The validation outcomes indicated that the approach provided low limits of detection and quantification (0.08–0.13 and 0.24–0.48 ng mL−1, respectively). Extraction recoveries and enrichment factors and were in the ranges of 97–100%and 9715–9970, respectively. Relative standard deviations were ≤6%. At the end, several aqueous samples were analysed employing the suggested approach and penconazole and hexaconazole were detected in them.