Abstract
Cement is the key ingredient in concrete, which is the most consumed resource on the planet after water. As an energy-intensive industry, cement production is one of the largest sources of greenhouse emissions in the world today. The demand for cement is synonymous with the growth in infrastructure demand and per-capita gross domestic product in the world, calling the need for mitigation measures within the industry in order to contribute to the global climate change efforts. System dynamics (SD) is a simulation approach that is used for studying the nonlinear behaviours in complex systems over time, often used in industrial domains for emission forecasts as well as policy experimentation. With the adoption rates of mitigation strategies in the cement industry being inadequate, there is a need for improvisation in policymaking through better decision-support tools. In this paper, a comparative overview of the studies that specifically utilise the SD approach for evaluation of carbon mitigation strategies in the cement industry is presented on the basis of their scope, model description, scenarios tested, and featured mitigation methods. Additionally, the potential for improvements in future studies is discussed.
Highlights
Cement is a major component of building materials, such as mortar and concrete, making it one of the most important resources for the developing world
System dynamics (SD) models and their use in policy evaluation and emission forecasts across multiple domains is presented while focusing on the studies within the cement industry
The growing conscience on the effects of CO2 emission reinforces the global focus on carbon-intensive industrial sectors, such as the cement industry, highlighting the need for effective decision-making tools for both policy makers and industry stakeholders for analysing and choosing the appropriate mitigation strategies that would maximise the
Summary
Cement is a major component of building materials, such as mortar and concrete, making it one of the most important resources for the developing world. SDof facilitates both qualitative andaquantitative to problem solving, new infrastructure leads to higher cement which, turn, resultswith in a mental higher allowing for the utilisation of written andproduction, numerical data in in combination availability of cement the region, stimulating the demand new infrastructure; models to gain deeperininsights intofurther the underlying structures and for feedback linkages reEnergies 2021, 14, x FOR PEER REVIEW and (b) showing a balancing loop in which the increase in carbon emissions to a sponsible for the behaviour of the system.
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