Application of superhydrophobic Ti3C2 Mxene-based screen-printed ion-selective electrode for determination of Ca2+ concentration

Abstract

Ti3C2 Mxene is a remarkable electrochemical material owing to its high conductivity, large specific surface area, and high electrical capacity. It can be applied in all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes to improve the ion-electron conversion efficiency and reduce the resistance. However, Ti3C2 Mxene is hydrophilic, which will form a water layer between the ion-selective membrane and the substrate, resulting in response potential drift. In this study, Ti3C2 Mxene functionalized with octadecyltrichlorosilane was developed as the ion-electron conversion layer (solid contact layer), and a polymer membrane containing N, N, N', N' -Tetracyclohexyl-3-oxapentanediamide was used as the Ca2+ selective membrane on a screen-printed electrode substrate. An all-solid Ca2+-selective electrode (SPE/SH-Ti3C2/Ca-ISM) was prepared. The results from cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy proved the high capacitance and fast charge transfer ability of the Ti3C2 Mxene modified electrode. In addition, it shows good performance in the water layer test and anti-interference test and improves the response speed and stability of potential. The linear response range of this disposable screen-printed electrode to Ca2+ is 10−6∼10−1 M, the detection limit is 10−6.2 M, and the response time is about 15 s. The electrode can accurately and quickly determine the level of Ca2+ in serum samples of dairy cows.