Abstract
To address the issues of inefficient hydraulic fracturing on perforation clusters in shale gas horizontal wells caused by the inconsistent size of entrance holes on the casing, Stimstream shaped charge providing consistent hole and deep-penetration was introduced and its special performance was analyzed. Surface concrete target test and field test were conducted respectively to compare the performance between this kind of charge and conventional deep penetration charges made in China. In surface concrete target test, the average hole diameter of Stimstream shaped charge in 0°, 90°, 180°, 270° phasing is 9.4mm, 9.3mm, 9.3mm, 8.9mm, the average hole diameter of conventional deep penetration charges in 0°, 90°, 180°, 270° phasing is 9.3mm, 8.6mm, 6.5mm, 7.0mm respectively. The results shown that Stimstream shaped charge can provide uniform and big holes on the casing regardless of different clearance between perforating gun and casing. In three field testings, comparing the field data of S3406D Stimstream charge and domestic SDP35HMX25 shaped charges, it proven that S3406D can reduce the average hydraulic breakdown pressure by 2044.5 psi, 1189psi and 1261.5psi respectively, and reduce the average treatment pressure to pump proppant by 696psi, 652.5psi and 928psi respectively. It has remarkable effectiveness on reducing the breakdown pressure and treatment pressure of shale gas formations during hydraulic fracturing operation.
Highlights
In recent years, domestic shale gas plays are successfully developed by drilling horizontal wells with cased and cemented wellbore, performing pump-down perforation and multi-stage hydraulic proppant fracturing stimulation [1]
In order to improve the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing and solve the problem of inconsistent perforating entrance holes under the condition that perforation gun is not centered in the casing, Schlumberger introduced Stimstream shaped charge that can provide consistent holes and deep penetration, the perforation hole diameter on the casing is not affected by the clearance between the perforating gun and the downhole casing
Some of wells encountered problem of formation with high breakdown pressure is difficult for hydraulic fracturing treatment in the earlier stage of exploration and development
Summary
Domestic shale gas plays are successfully developed by drilling horizontal wells with cased and cemented wellbore, performing pump-down perforation and multi-stage hydraulic proppant fracturing stimulation [1]. In order to improve the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing and solve the problem of inconsistent perforating entrance holes under the condition that perforation gun is not centered in the casing, Schlumberger introduced Stimstream shaped charge that can provide consistent holes and deep penetration, the perforation hole diameter on the casing is not affected by the clearance between the perforating gun and the downhole casing It has been widely used in shale gas wells in North America, and it has remarkable effects on reducing the breakdown pressure and treatment pressure of formations. The Stimstream shaped charge changes the jet head speed and its thickness through special design such as the liner geometry, so the jet penetration hole diameter is hardly affected by the variation of clearance and within a certain range, which improves the entrance hole uniformity and increases the penetration depth
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