Abstract
Synthesis of CuO nanoparticles by hydrothermal technique in presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant was carried out by statistically designed experiments based on Box Behnken method. Reaction parameters as time, temperature and surfactant concentration have been studied to show their effect on CuO particle size and morphology. The results of experimental design indicate that the surfactant concentration, reaction time and temperature were significant in. CuO particles were characterized using XRD and SEM. These work findings showed that CuO nanoparticles were formed at 100oC. On other hand, their crystallinity was improved with rising temperature from 100 to 200oC to achieve particle size of CuO in the range of 49-92 nm.
Highlights
Nanocrystalline semiconductor particles have drawn considerable interest in recent years because of their special properties such as a large surface to-volume ratio, increased activity, special electronic properties and unique optical properties as compared to those of the bulk materials [1,2]
CuO nanoparticles were synthesized as follow: equal volume of Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and urea NaOH are mixed in presence of a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (0 - 5 m mol) at room temperature with magnetic stirring
The surfactant addition showed pronounceable influence on growth of CuO nanoparticle that can be followed by observing the particles size of sample prepared in absence and presence of surfactant
Summary
Nanocrystalline semiconductor particles have drawn considerable interest in recent years because of their special properties such as a large surface to-volume ratio, increased activity, special electronic properties and unique optical properties as compared to those of the bulk materials [1,2]. The oxides of transition metals are an important class of semiconductors, which have applications in magnetic storage media, solar energy transformation, electronics and catalysis [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. Up to now, the reports on the preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline CuO are relatively few contrariwise to other transition metal oxides such as zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, tin dioxide and iron oxide. Methods for the preparation of nanocrystalline CuO have been reported as the sonochemical method [14], sol-gel technique [15], one-step solid state reaction method at room temperature [16], electrochemical method [17], thermal decomposition of precursors [18], and co-implantation of metal and oxygen ions [19], hydrothermal [20-22]. The optimum conditions and the interaction between the parameters for preparation of CuO nanosized particles are not determined yet; in this work statistically designed experiments (Box Behnken method) have been performed to study the synthesis of nanoparticles CuO via a low-temperature hydrothermal technique with and without surfactant as a function of the surfactant concentration, reaction time, and temperature
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