Application of standard decompressive craniectomy in the treatment of traumatic brain injury

Abstract

Traumatic craniocerebral injury has been paid close attention by neurosurgeons at home and abroad due to its high morbidity and mortality. Cerebral contusion and intracranial hematoma caused by various injury mechanisms are the main causes of increased intracranial pressure in the acute stage of traumatic brain injury. As a classic surgical method, standard decompressive craniotomy, often together with intracranial hematoma evacuation, brain debridement and internal decompression, has become the main surgical treatment in the acute stage of traumatic brain injury, saving the lives of many patients with severe cerebral injury, the importance of this procedure is irreplaceable. In long-term clinical practice, through the unremitting efforts of first-line neurosurgeons and neuroscientists, a large number of studies have been conducted on the relationship between the details, norms and prognosis of craniotomy, so as to better regulate the treatment of traumatic brain injury and reduce the death and disability rate of patients with severe brain injury. This article systematically reviews and analyzes the pathophysiological mechanism of intracranial hypertension and the mechanism, development history, surgical methods, indications and contraindications, prognosis and prospects of the intracranial hypertension. Through this article, the author hope to have some guidance and suggestions for future clinical work. Key words: Craniocerebral trauma; Intracranial pressure; Decompressive craniectomy